What is the role of the septic tank in the system?

The septic tank plays a crucial role in a septic system by separating solids from liquids. When wastewater enters the tank, it undergoes a process of sedimentation. This allows heavier solids to settle at the bottom, forming a sludge layer, while lighter materials, such as grease and fats, float to the top, creating a scum layer. The liquids, which are primarily composed of water and dissolved materials, remain in the middle layer and are eventually directed to the drain field for further treatment. This separation is essential for reducing the organic load on the subsequent treatment processes and ensuring that the effluent released into the environment is less contaminated. Understanding the function of the septic tank is key for proper maintenance and troubleshooting of septic systems.