What does the term "fragipan" refer to in soil science?

The term "fragipan" refers to a specific subsurface horizon within a soil profile that exhibits unique physical properties, particularly high density and strength. This layer is often characterized by its compactness, which can impede water movement and root growth, making it distinctly different from the surrounding soil layers. The fragipan typically forms due to certain conditions such as clay accumulation or weathering processes, leading to increased aggregate stability and reduced porosity.

Understanding fragipans is crucial for various applications in agriculture and environmental management, as they can significantly influence drainage patterns, the availability of nutrients, and overall soil health. This knowledge helps in making informed decisions regarding land use, crop selection, and septic system installation, particularly in areas with fragipan layers where traditional drainage systems may not function effectively.