What does 'effluent' refer to in septic systems?

Effluent refers to the liquid waste that is discharged from the septic tank after the initial treatment process has occurred. In a septic system, waste from the household flows into the septic tank, where solids settle at the bottom, and beneficial bacteria break down some of the organic material. The liquid portion, or effluent, then moves out of the tank and into the drain field or leach field for further treatment and dispersion into the soil. This process is crucial for ensuring that harmful pathogens and contaminants are effectively treated before the water reaches the groundwater, making effluent a key component in septic system operation. Understanding the role of effluent in the system highlights the importance of regular maintenance and proper functioning of the septic tank to protect water quality and public health.