What are the two main components of a septic system?

The two main components of a septic system are the septic tank and the drain field. The septic tank serves as a primary treatment facility, where waste is collected and undergoes anaerobic digestion. Solid waste settles at the bottom, forming sludge, while lighter materials such as grease float to the top, creating scum. This separation of solids and liquids is crucial for effective waste management.

The drain field, also known as the leach field, is where the liquid effluent from the septic tank is distributed into the soil. It is designed to further treat this effluent through the natural biological processes of soil, which filters out pathogens and other contaminants before the effluent reaches the groundwater. Together, these two components work in tandem to safely dispose of household wastewater and prevent pollution.

The other options include components that may be relevant to specific systems or additional treatments but do not represent the fundamental structure of a typical septic system.