In relation to septic systems, what is effluent?

Effluent refers to the liquid that is partially treated and exits the septic tank. When wastewater enters a septic system, it undergoes a series of processes that separate solids from liquids. The solids settle at the bottom and form sludge, while some of the lighter materials float to the top and are referred to as scum. The liquid that remains in the tank, which has begun to undergo treatment through bacterial action, is known as effluent. This effluent then flows into the drain field, where it gets further treated by soil and microorganisms before entering the groundwater. Understanding this definition is crucial for anyone working with septic systems, as it underscores the importance of properly managing and disposing of wastewater to protect both public health and the environment.